Use of Fish Oil Emulsion in Parenteral Nutrition
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background. Parenteral nutrition provides nutritional support when the gastrointestinal tract is nonfunctional, but it may lead to intestinal failure–associated liver disease (IFALD). Substituting the soybean oil–based lipid emulsion (SOLE) with fish oil–based lipid emulsion (FOLE) has been associated with improvement of IFALD. Materials and methods. Medical records of patients who received parenteral FOLE for ≥1 month were reviewed for total and direct bilirubin, alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT) levels. Results. Twenty patients were included. They were between 0.5 and 131.3 months at initiation of FOLE. They had been on parenteral nutrition with SOLE for a median of 46 days before the initiation of FOLE. Fifteen patients received a mixture of the 2 lipid emulsions, among them, only the 5 patients who received FOLE for >20 weeks showed an improvement in their bilirubin levels. One patient received SOLE and was then switched to FOLE monotherapy at which point his bilirubin level normalized. Four patients received a mixture of both lipid emulsions followed by FOLE monotherapy. Their bilirubin levels improved only after SOLE was discontinued. Changes in ALT and GGT were not significant. Conclusion. FOLE monotherapy was more effective than a mixture of SOLE and FOLE when treating preexisting IFALD, and the improvement in bilirubin was seen earlier with FOLE monotherapy treatment.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".