Double-blind randomized study of tramadol vs. paracetamol in analgesia after day-case tonsillectomy in children
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Fifty children (2-9 years) scheduled for tonsillectomy were enrolled in a double-blind randomized prospective study to compare postoperative analgesia provided with propacetamol/paracetamol (acetaminophen) or tramadol. A standard anaesthetic technique was used; each patient received sufentanil 0.25 microg kg(-1) intravenously followed with either i.v. propacetamol 30 mg kg(-1) or tramadol 3 mg kg(-1) before surgical incision. For postoperative analgesia, each child received either tramadol drops (2.5 mg kg(-1)) or paracetamol (acetaminophen) suppositories (15 mg kg(-1)), 6 and 12 h after surgery the first day and three times a day during postoperative days 2 and 3. This dosage of paracetamol is lower than the current recommended dosage, which is 40 mg kg(-1) loading dose followed by 20 mg kg(-1) 8 h(-1). Rescue medication consisted of i.v. diclofenac (1 mg kg(-1)) during the first six postoperative hours and oral ibuprofen (6-9 mg kg(-1)) afterwards. Postoperative pain scores (Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Pain Scale) in recovery, numerical pain scale in the ward and at home, and rescue analgesic use were significantly lower in the tramadol group. No serious adverse effects were observed.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.004 | 0.005 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.007 | 0.002 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.009 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".