Determinants of Insulin Resistance in Infants at Age 1 Year
Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: The offspring of women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) display a propensity for the early accrual of cardiometabolic risk factors, including insulin resistance, in childhood and adolescence. Thus, we sought to identify early life determinants of insulin resistance in infants of women with and without GDM. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: In total, 104 full-term, singleton infants born to women with (n = 36) and without (n = 68) GDM were evaluated at age 1 year, with insulin resistance assessed by homeostasis model (HOMA-IR). RESULTS: HOMA-IR at 1 year did not differ between infants born to mothers with and without GDM (P = 0.74). The sole independent predictor of infant HOMA-IR in the non-GDM group was birth weight (t = 3.33, P = 0.002). In contrast, weight gain in the 1st year was the only independent predictor of HOMA-IR in infants of women with GDM (t = 2.19, P = 0.039). CONCLUSIONS: In the 1st year of life, weight gain in infants born to women with GDM is associated with insulin resistance, unlike in their peers.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".