Oxcarbazepine add‐on in the treatment of refractory bipolar disorder
Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To assess the effectiveness and safety of oxcarbazepine (OXC) in bipolar disorder (BD) and related conditions. METHODS: We reviewed medical records of patients given OXC treatment between March 2003 and March 2005 at the University of British Columbia Hospital. Response to treatment was assessed retrospectively using the Clinical Global Impression of Severity (CGI-S), and the Clinical Global Impression of Improvement (CGI-I) scales. RESULTS: OXC was prescribed to 15 patients with bipolar I (n = 12), bipolar II (n = 2) and schizoaffective (n = 1) disorder who presented with depression (n = 9), mania (n = 3), hypomania (n = 1), or mixed state (n = 2). Six patients had Axis II diagnoses and 10 patients had a family history of mood disorders. Psychiatric co-morbidity was found in four patients. The mean daily dose of OXC was 775 +/- 556.11 mg/day and the mean duration of follow-up was 31.60 +/- 41.51 weeks. The OXC add-on led to a significant reduction in symptoms as indicated by reduction in CGI-S scores at 1 and 2 months. Nine of 12 patients at 1 month and seven of 14 at 1 or 2 months were much or very much improved on CGI-I scale. One patient (7%) developed hyponatremia. Six patients (40%) experienced no side effects and three patients (20%) stopped the medication because of side effects. CONCLUSION: OXC was effective and well-tolerated in refractory BD and schizoaffective disorder. These preliminary data are promising but controlled studies are needed to confirm its efficacy in refractory BD.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".