Canadian Microrovers for Planetary Exploration
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Microrovers, having low mass, low power consumption, low cost, are useful to reduce the operation risks of human or robotic planetary exploration missions as well as to obtain highly desired science data. The Canadian Space Agency has started the development of microrovers that can be used as a stand-alone system or in conjunction with a large rover or lander. The microrovers are designed for three mission scenarios: “scouting” – to discover surroundings and collect nearby geographic and environmental information for astronauts or large rovers; Sample return - to acquire and bring samples to astronauts or large rovers from areas difficult and dangerous to reach; science exploration – to collect science data by performing in-situ measurement with on-board scientific instruments. The microrovers have three operation modes: tele-operated mode; supervised autonomous mode; tether-aided descending and climbing mode. They have a mass of less than 30 kg, solar power generation, on-board navigation system, sample acquisition mechanism, and onboard scientific instruments. This paper presents the overall system requirements, description of the microrover design, and operations concept. It also explores the science application of the microrover platform.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.127 | 0.018 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".