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Record W2143618947 · doi:10.1080/07060660709507487

Differentiation of European and North American genotypes of <i>Phytophthora ramorum</i> by real-time polymerase chain reaction primer extension

2007· article· en· W2143618947 on OpenAlexvenueaboutno aff
Guillaume J. Bilodeau, C. André Lévesque, Arthur W. A. M. de Cock, S. C. Brière, Richard C. Hamelin

Bibliographic record

VenueCanadian Journal of Plant Pathology · 2007
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldAgricultural and Biological Sciences
TopicPlant Pathogens and Resistance
Canadian institutionsnot available
Fundersnot available
KeywordsPhytophthora ramorumBiologyPolymerase chain reactionGenotypingGenotypeGeneticsSingle-nucleotide polymorphismPrimer (cosmetics)SNP genotypingPhytophthoraGeneBotany

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

Phytophthora ramorum, the organism responsible for sudden oak death, causes severe damage to oak (Quercus spp.) and tanoak (Lithocarpus densiflorus) trees in California and Oregon. There are now >100 host plants that can be affected by this pathogen in nurseries and in the wild in Europe and North America. Molecular diagnosis and genotyping are important tools to monitor and prevent spread of this pathogen, to enforce quarantines, and to support eradication programs. By amplifying and sequencing DNA in a worldwide panel of strains of P. ramorum, we discovered single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in two genes (β -tubulin and cellulose binding elicitor lectin (CBEL)) that differ in the European and the North American P. ramorum isolates. Using these SNPs in diagnostic assays and distinguishing among strains of different geographic origins, we developed primer extension assays in real-time polymerase chain reaction using allele-specific oligonucleotides. All European isolates genotyped were homozygous for the SNP at position 279 in the β -tubulin gene (β- tub279 ; G/G) but heterozygous at position 858 (β- tub858 ; A/G). By contrast, all the California isolates were heterozygous for β -tub279 (T/G) but homozygous for β -tub858 (A/A). For CBEL, all European isolates were heterozygous for the SNPs at position 245 (CBEL245 ; G/C) and 412 (CBEL412 ; G/A), but the California samples were homozygous at both SNP loci CBEL245 (G/G) and CBEL412 (G/G). This assay was also used directly on DNA extracted from the ELISA lysates from field samples collected in British Columbia in 2005 by the Canadian Food Inspection Agency. Although most samples had the North American DNA profiles, there were several samples with the European profiles from the nurseries. This finding could provide information on the biology, epidemiology, etiology, host range, and populations of P. ramorum from North America and Europe and provide useful tools in P. ramorum surveys. Key words: primer extension, β- tubulin, CBEL, genotyping, allele specific oligonucleotide, SybrGreen, mating type, PCR-ASO. Le Phytophthora ramorum, l'organisme responsable de l'encre des chênes rouges ou aussi appelé la mort subite du chêne, cause de sérieux dommages aux chênes (Quercus spp.) et lithocarpes (Lithocarpus densiflorus) de la Californie et de l'Oregon. Il y a maintenant plus de 100 espèces de plantes hôtes pouvant être infectées par cet agent pathogène en Europe et en Amérique du nord, autant en pépinière qu'en nature. Le diagnostic moléculaire et le génotypage sont des outils permettant de répertorier et de prévenir la propagation de cet agent pathogène, de renforcer les mesures de quarantaines et de supporter les programmes d'éradication de la maladie. En amplifiant et en séquençant l'ADN d'une collection mondiale du P. ramorum, nous avons découvert des polymorphismes dans deux gènes (β -tubuline et CBEL « cellulose binding elicitor lectin ») pouvant différencier les isolats européens des nord- américains du P. ramorum. En utilisant ces SNP dans des tests diagnostics et en différenciant les souches de diverses origines géographiques, nous avons utilisé la méthode d'extension des amorces avec la réaction de polymerisation en chaîne (PCR) en temps-réel et des oligonucleotides spécifiques d'allèle. Tous les isolats européens génotypés étaient homozygotes pour la β- tubuline pour le SNP β -tub279 (G/G), mais hétérozygotes pour β -tub858 (A/G). Par ailleurs, tous les isolats californiens étaient hétérozygotes pour β -tub279 (T/G), mais homozygotes pour β -tub858 (A/A). Pour ce qui est de CBEL, tous les isolats européens étaient hétérozygotes pour CBEL245 (G/C) et CBEL412 (G/A), mais les échantillons de Californie étaient homozygotes aux deux SNP loci, CBEL245 (G/G) et CBEL412 (G/G). Ce test a aussi été utilisé directement sur des échantillons environnementaux d'ADN extraits de lysats d'ELISA provenant de pépinières de Colombie-Britannique dans une enquête de l'Agence canadienne d'inspection des aliments réaliseé en 2005. Presque tous ces échantillons présentaient un profile nord américain contre quelques-uns présentant un profil européen. Cette découverte est importante car elle fournit de l'information sur la biologie, l'épidémiologie, l'étiologie, la diversité d'hôtes et les populations du P. ramorum d'Europe et d'Amérique du nord. Mots-clés : extension des amorces, β- tubuline, CBEL, génotypage, oligonucléotide spécifique d'allèle, SybrGreen, type sexuel, PCR-ASO.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame machine prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.001
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.001
Version: metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061cValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Bench or experimental · Consensus signal: Bench or experimental
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.001
Threshold uncertainty score0.004

Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0010.001
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0010.000
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0010.000
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0010.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.008
GPT teacher head0.179
Teacher spread0.171 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.

The models applied no category: nothing in the taxonomy fit this work.
Study designBench or experimental
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

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Citations20
Published2007
Admission routes2
Has abstractyes

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