Actin and Annexins I and II Are Among the Main Endothelial Plasmalemma-Associated Proteins Forming Early Glucose Adducts in Experimental Diabetes
Bibliographic record
Abstract
An immunochemical and biochemical study was performed to reveal which of the endothelial plasma membrane proteins become glycated during the early phases of diabetes. The blood front of the lung microvascular endothelial plasmalemma was purified by the cationic colloidal silica method from normal and diabetic (streptozotocin-induced) rats and comparatively analyzed by two-dimensional electrophoresis. No major qualitative differences in the general spectrum of endothelial plasmalemmal proteins were recorded between normoglycemic and hyperglycemic animals. By probing with anti-glucitollysine antibodies, we found that at 1 month after the onset of diabetes, several endothelial membrane polypeptides contained glucose covalently linked to their lysyl residues. Ten days of insulin treatment restored euglycemia in the diabetic animals and completely abolished the membrane nonenzymatic glycosylation. All the glycated polypeptides of the endothelial plasma membrane belong to the peripheral type and are associated with its cytoplasmic face (cell cortex). They were solubilized by buffers of high pH and were not detected in the lung cytosolic fraction (100,000 g). By microsequencing, the major proteins labeled by the anti-glucitollysine have been identified as being actin, annexin I, annexin II, the p34 subunit of the Arp2/3 complex, and the Ras suppressor protein-1. Conversely, the intrinsic endothelial membrane proteins do not seem to be affected by hyperglycemia. This defines the internal face of the endothelial plasma membrane, particularly the cortical cytoskeleton, as a preferential target for nonenzymatic glycosylation in diabetes, with possible consequences on the fluidity of the endothelial plasmalemma and impairment of the endothelial mechanotransducing ability.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".