Effects of dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids on mitochondrial metabolism in mammalian hibernation
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Thirteen-lined ground squirrels (Spermophilus tridecemlineatus) were fed one of four isocaloric, isolipemic diets containing 16, 22, 35 or 55 mg linoleic acid (18:2n-6) per gram. Mitochondrial properties were compared between hibernating and summer active states, and between diet groups. As in other studies, state 3 respiration was significantly reduced in hibernation, but only in animals fed the 22 mg g(-1) 18:2 diet. In the other diet groups, there was no difference in state 3 respiration between the hibernating and summer active groups. In the 22 mg g(-1) 18:2 diet group, there was no difference in mitochondrial proton conductance between hibernating and summer active animals, again in agreement with earlier studies. However, for all other diet groups, mitochondrial proton conductance was significantly reduced during hibernation. Mitochondrial phospholipid fatty acids changed significantly with hibernation, including increases in unsaturation indices and n-6/n-3, but no differences were found among diet groups. Mitochondrial proton conductance in hibernation showed a positive correlation with the content of linoleic acid (18:2) and arachidonic acid (20:4) in mitochondrial phospholipids. Lipid peroxidation was higher in mitochondria from hibernating animals, probably due to higher unsaturation, but there was no effect of dietary 18:2 on this pattern. Despite the dietary effects on mitochondrial metabolism, all animals hibernated with no differences in bout durations, body temperatures or whole-animal metabolic rates among the diet groups. The reduced mitochondrial proton leak in the 15, 35 and 55 mg g(-1) 18:2 diet groups might compensate for the inability to suppress respiration, permitting whole-animal energy savings over the hibernation season.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".