Management of Ingested Foreign Bodies in Paediatric Patients: An Experience from a Tertiary Hospital in Ethiopia
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background : The problem of FB ingestion is commonly seen in young children, with most of the cases being aged between 6 months and 5 years. Oesophagoscopy is the gold standard for their management although McGill forceps, Fogarty catheter and bouginage may also be used when appropriate. Methods : This was a retrospective study of paediatric patients presenting with features of FB ingestion at Black Lion Hospital between September 2011 and February 2013. A total of 85 cases were analyzed. Results : A total of eighty five (61.5%) males and 33 (38.8) females with a mean age of 2.86 years were analyzed. Vomiting (70.6%) and difficulty in swallowing (50.6%) were the most common symptoms. Coins were the most commonly ingested FB items. Plain X-rays located 78.85% of FBs in the proximal oesophagus. The vast majority of patients (92.9%) had their FBs retrieved using McGill forceps. Foley’s catheter was used in 15 (17.6%) and Oesophagoscopy in 9 (10.6 %) cases Conclusion : McGill’s forceps with the aid of a McIntosh laryngoscope is a safe and effective method for proximal oesophageal foreign body removal.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".