Complementary, Holistic, and Integrative Medicine
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
1. Lawrence D. Rosen, MD* 2. Cecilia Bukutu, PhD† 3. Christopher Le† 4. Larissa Shamseer† 5. Sunita Vohra, MD, MSc† 1. *Chair, Integrative Pediatrics Council, Old Tappen, NJ 2. †Complementary and Alternative Research and Education (CARE) Program, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. On behalf of the American Academy of Pediatrics Provisional Section on Complementary, Holistic, and Integrative Medicine According to the Wessel criteria, infantile colic is defined as excessive crying for more than 3 hours a day at least 3 days a week for 3 weeks or more in an otherwise healthy baby. (1) As many as 26% of infants are diagnosed with colic, (2) making the condition one of the most common reasons for infant visits to primary care practitioners today. Colic is a self-limiting condition that resolves in approximately 50% of cases at about 3 months of age. (3) Due, in part, to poor understanding of its causes, (2) there is no widely accepted conventional treatment, and families often turn to complementary and alternative medical (CAM) therapies. (4) The largest systematic review to date of treatments for colic found little evidence to support many conventional therapies, while noting that some nutritional- and botanical-based approaches were relatively safe and effective. (5) This review of published scientific literature assesses the efficacy and safety of common CAM therapies in treating infantile colic. Natural health products have been used historically to treat infantile colic, due, in part, to presumed antispasmodic and anti-inflammatory activity. (6)(7) However, few of these products have been assessed in terms of efficacy and safety for use in infants through well-designed clinical trials. ### Fennel Seed Oil The effectiveness of fennel ( Foeniculum vulgare ) seed oil in treating infantile colic was investigated in a randomized controlled trial (RCT) in Russia of 125 colicky infants between the ages of 2 and 12 weeks. (8) Infants were assigned randomly to receive 5 to 20 mL of a 0.1% fennel seed oil emulsion and 0.4% polysorbate-80 or a placebo (0.4% polysorbate-80 in water) up to four times per day for 1 week. Parents recorded symptoms in a diary for 3 weeks that included the week before, the week during, and the week after the trial. …
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.006 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it