CADMIUM AND ZINC BIOAVAILABILITY TO <i>SELENASTRUM CAPRICORNUTUM</i> (CHLOROPHYCEAE): ACCIDENTAL METAL UPTAKE AND TOXICITY IN THE PRESENCE OF CITRATE
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Toxicities of cadmium (Cd) and zinc (Zn) to the green alga Selenastrum capricornutum Printz were determined over 72 h in defined synthetic media buffered by citrate (FRAQ CIT ; [citrate] = 100 μM or 5 μM) or nitrilotriacetate (FRAQ NTA ; [NTA] = 5 μM). Algal sensitivity to free Cd 2 + or free Zn 2 + in FRAQ CIT was much higher than in FRAQ NTA . In parallel experiments, short‐term intracellular uptake of radiolabeled 109 Cd was measured as a function of time (0–30 min) in FRAQ CIT and FRAQ NTA ; for a given free Cd 2 + concentration (8, 250, or 610 nM), intracellular accumulation of Cd was consistently higher in FRAQ CIT than in FRAQ NTA . Under the same conditions, the alga accumulated 14 C‐labeled citrate almost linearly over a 2‐h period. Loss of 109 Cd from algal cells that had been prelabeled with the radionuclide occurred slowly, and the loss rate was insensitive to the presence or absence of citrate, indicating that the overall permeability of the algal membrane to Cd was unaffected by citrate. The enhanced bioavailability of Cd in the presence of citrate could be explained by membrane transport of a charged Cd–citrate complex, presumably by accidental transport.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".