Effects of lime addition on the growth of fanwort in softwater systems
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Lime addition to softwater aquatic systems can shift inorganic carbon equilibrium to HCO 3 dominance by temporarily elevating pH. For submersed aquatic macrophytes restricted to free CO 2 uptake for photosynthesis, the addition of lime may be an effective means of suppressing growth and propagation. Fanwort ( Cabomba caroliniana Grey) is an invasive species to Midwestern and northeastern United States and Canada, predominantly found in low alkalinity, softwater systems, and could be susceptible to inorganic carbon limitation after lime application. Growth response of fanwort (invasive green phenotype) to hydrated lime addition was examined in replicate softwater (pH ~7; total alkalinity ~80 µM) experimental tanks to test this hypothesis. Modest lime concentrations of 55 and 160 µM were required to increase pH to 9 and 10, respectively, versus pH 7 in control tanks. Free CO 2 decreased from ~20 µM in the controls to ~0.1 and ~0.01 µM in tanks treated with 55 and 160 µM lime, respectively. Fanwort shoot biomass decreased to 36% and only 8% of the control mean biomass for tanks treated with 55 and 160 µM lime, respectively, indicating negative growth response to lime application. These patterns suggested that lime addition may be effective in suppressing fanwort growth.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".