Phantom testing of two clinical spatially‐resolved NIRS instruments
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We used a living biological phantom to evaluate whether previously observed clinical differences in data collection between two similar near infrared spectrophotometers were due to technical design differences. A Somanetics INVOS‐5100 was compared to a Hamamatsu NIRO‐300. Both express the ratio of oxygenated hemoglobin to total hemoglobin concentration as a percentage, and both are intended for monitoring cerebral oxygenation status at the bedside. The living phantom simulated different bone densities and contained a low haematocrit solution of blood, intra‐lipid, and saline, to which was added grower′s yeast to alter oxygenation status. Results: In all trials, oxygen saturation decreased from 100% to 0 % as the yeast consumed the available oxygen. In all trials the spectrometers were significantly correlated (range: r 2 =0.815 to 0.995, p 2 >0.232). The NIRO‐300 indicated oxygenation change 1 minute after addition of yeast, whereas the INVOS‐5100 showed change after 5 minutes. Simulated bone thickness had almost no effect upon the NIRO‐300, but did affect the INVOS‐5100. Conclusion: In this study, the spectrophotometers had similar results consistent with the technical design differences: the INVOS‐5100 does not report hemoglobin saturation change above 95% or below 15% while the NIRO‐300 reports the full range from 100% to 0%.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it