Effect of Co‐Rotation and Counter‐Rotation Extrusion Processing on the Thermal and Mechanical Properties, and Morphology of Plasticized Soy Protein Isolate and Poly(butylene succinate) Blends
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Blends of plasticized soy protein isolate (PSPI) and poly(butylenes succinate) (PBS) were prepared in a 70:30 wt.‐% ratio via co‐rotation (CR) and counter‐rotation (CTR) twin‐screw extrusion. The novelty in this research suggests that CTR extrusion provides enhanced interfacial adhesion, tensile elongation and prolonged onset (Tonset) and end (Tend) thermal degradation temperatures. The average tensile strain at break showed to be ≈40% higher for PSPI‐CTR material and ≈55% higher for PBS:PSPI‐CTR (70:30) blends. Both Tonset and Tend for CTR processed PBS:PSPI(70:30) and PSPI were ≈10 °C greater than those of CR. These results suggest that the enhanced shear rate and radial motion associated with CTR allows for better destructurization and blending of PSPI within the PBS matrix, resulting in enhanced structural integrity due to the formation of possible amide and ester linkages. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) provides further support based on evidence of reduced voids on the surface of all CTR blends magnified image
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".