Development of the tentacles and food groove in the jellyfish <i>Aurelia aurita</i> (Cnidaria: Scyphozoa)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The development of the tentacle-bearing part of the rim of the jellyfish Aurelia aurita is described. The newly liberated ephyra lacks appendages at the bell rim between the rhopalial arms (null stage). The next stage (bump stage) has a subumbrellar bump near the rim. The bump then forms a tongue process (tongue stage) on its adoral side. The aboral part of the bump becomes the primordium of the tentacle. The tongue process elongates and spreads circumferentially, finally melding with the lappets of the rhopalial arms. Next the tongue process develops a groove that spreads laterally. The epithelium of the groove becomes glandular and serves as a food groove where particulate matter such as plankton is concentrated and undergoes the initial phase of digestion. The "upper" side of the split tongue process becomes the floor of the tentacle chambers, while the "lower" side becomes the pseudovelarium. The growth and differentiation zone for the medusa's rim is at the junction of the tentaculate part of the rim with the rhopalial region. It is here that tentacle buds form, followed by intertentacular lappets (partitions).
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".