Changes in the small airways in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Introduction and Aims: Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF) is an interstitial lung disease characterized by architectural deformation of the parenchyma due to fibrosis. The structural changes of the small airways in IPF are unclear. Micro-CT can be used to examine alterations of the terminal bronchioles (TB) in IPF. Methods: Explant lungs from patients with IPF (n=7) undergoing lung transplantation and from unused donor lungs -control- (n=5) were collected. Lungs were inflated to TLC with air and frozen solid in liquid nitrogen vapor. Each explant lung underwent ex vivo CT scan to calculate lung volume and mass. Lungs were cut from apex to base into 2 cm-thick slices and a random core (1.4 cm diameter and 2 cm length) taken from each slice was processed for micro-CT examination. Using micro-CT scans of each core, the number of TB per ml of lung volume and per total lung volume, minimal lumen diameter and area of TB were assessed. Results: Explanted IPF lungs were decreased in volume and increased in mass compared to control (p=0.0025; p=0.010). The number of TB/ml of lung volume (p Conclusion: These data confirm that the TB are reduced in number and total area in IPF and that the surviving airways tend to have slighlty dilated lumens.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".