Macrohabitat associations of fishes in shallow waters of the Detroit River
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Seasonal variation in large-scale habitat selection by fishes in shallow, Canadian waters of the Detroit River was examined. Fish communities were compared among three river segments (upstream, middle and downstream) consisting of areas of shallow water habitat separated by wide hydrologic barriers of deep, flowing water and between inshore and offshore areas. In spring, the most unique, diverse and abundant fish assemblages were found at inshore sites in the middle segment where the largest remaining wetland habitats are located. Fishes used inshore habitat to spawn and probably avoided offshore areas because macrophyte cover was not available in spring. In summer, juvenile gizzard shad Dorosoma cepedianum and white bass Morone chrysops were observed in high densities in the upstream segment, probably migrating downstream from Lake St Clair. There was little difference in the fish assemblage among macrohabitats in autumn. The upstream segment appeared to be the most degraded, because it contained no species that were not found in the other segments, had a paucity of uncommon species and had significantly more non-native species. This state was attributed to the infilling of coastal wetlands by urban land use and a resulting loss of habitat heterogeneity. The middle segment, with the only remaining wetland habitats, had the greatest occurrence of uncommon species and the only species at risk found in this study. Conservation and restoration efforts should be greatest for wetlands; however, shallow offshore areas provide important fish habitat in summer and autumn.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".