Responses of Pelagic Cormorants (Phalacrocorax pelagicus) to Marine Traffic and Bald Eagles (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) in Barkley Sound, British Columbia
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Key words: Bald Eagle, Barkley Sound,British Columbia, decline, disturbance, Haliaee-tus leucocephalus, marine traffic, Pelagic Cormo-rant, Phalacrocorax pelagicus, set-backIn Barkley Sound, British Columbia, PelagicCormorants (Phalacrocorax pelagicus), while for-merly abundant (Vermeer and Rankin 1984),have suffered massive declines of up to 85%since 1969 (Carter and others 2007). Thisdecline is thought to be due in part todisturbance by humans and Bald Eagles (Ha-liaeetus leucocephalus) (Chatwin and others 2002;Carter and others 2007). In an attempt toinvestigate the causes of this decline, weundertook a brief study of Pelagic Cormorantswithin Barkley Sound during the nestingperiod in the summer of 2011.Nesting birds are vulnerable to disturbancefrom predators and human interference (Burgerand Gochfeld 1994; del Viejo and others 2004).Disturbance during the nesting period cancause increased stress and behavioral responses,such as flight behavior or nest avoidance, whichmay eventually lead to increased nest preda-tion, thermal shock in eggs, decline in thebreeding success of individuals, and a decreasein the density of breeding pairs (Le Corre andothers 2009). Seabirds are especially vulnerable,as many are relatively long-lived and may bemore inclined to abandon a given breedingattempt and defer breeding until future oppor-tunities (Stearns 1976).Motorized boats have been shown to disturbseabirds in more than 1 study (Burger 1998;Rodgers and Schwikert 2002), and it has been
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".