Seasonal changes in the hypo‐osmoregulatory ability of brook charr: the role of environmental factors
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In winter, brook charr Salvelinus fontinalis demonstrated poor osmoregulatory ability. Saltwater (SW) transfer resulted in sharp increases in plasma osmolality and chloride levels, a decrease in white muscle water content and high mortality. A clear improvement of the hypo‐osmoregulatory mechanism e.ciency was observed in spring; by May or June, fish achieved full acclimation within 1 week of SW transfer. In early fall, the time needed to restore osmotic and ionic balance increased once again. A high level of stress was detected only in winter and fall, as indicated by plasma cortisol and glucose concentrations. Great improvement in osmotic and ionic regulation was observed when brook charr were transferred to 80 C SW in February and April while impaired SW adaptability was recorded in individuals transferred to 2·50° C SW in June and August. Temperature itself was more important than a thermal gradient between fresh and salt water. Stress indicators substantiate this temperature‐dependent improvement of osmotic and ionic regulation in brook charr. The results support the hypothesis of a minor contribution of cortisol to hypo‐osmotic regulation in brook charr, as the cortisol response always seemed to be associated with stress in the experiments.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".