Diversity and fruiting patterns of ectomycorrhizal and saprobic fungi in an old-growth Mediterranean forest dominated by<i>Quercus ilex</i>L.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We collected and mapped epigeous fruitbodies of both ectomycorrhizal (ECM) and saprobic fungi in an old-growth Quercus ilex L. Mediterranean forest within a permanent transect of 6400 m 2 over three consecutive fruiting seasons. Out of 5382 fruitbodies, a total of 234 species were found, including 166 and 68 ECM and saprobic taxa, respectively. Both communities were mainly composed of rare species. Two genera, Russula and Cortinarius, accounted for 34.4% of ECM fruitbodies and 50% of species diversity. The three most abundant ECM species were Laccaria laccata (Scop.: Fr.) Berk. & Broome, Inocybe tigrina R. Heim, and Lactarius chrysorrheus Fr. The fruiting ECM community encompassed a few Mediterranean species and numerous broad host range temperate species. We also analysed the fruiting patterns in relation to forest structure, host composition, and natural canopy gaps. The results showed (i) a significant correlation of species richness to tree density, (ii) a richness decrease as the number of vegetation layers increases, and (iii) a preferential fruiting of some species near Q. ilex or Arbutus unedo L. Another noteworthy feature was that richness and production were greatly enhanced in canopy gaps. Selective fruiting was also observed among species. These results highlight the importance of forest structure and large woody debris for fungal conservation.Key words: ECM community, saprophytic fungi, holm oak, macromycete fruiting patterns, canopy gaps, fungal conservation.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".