Measured and inferred gross energy content in diapausing Calanus spp. in a Scotian shelf basin
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Calanus finmarchicus stage-C5 and C. hyperboreus stage-C4 diapausing in Scotian Shelf basins are high-quality food sources because they are abundant and high in energy content. When combined, these two variables are informative for quantifying energy density, carrying capacity and energy transfer in marine ecosystems. However, measuring energy content directly can be difficult and expensive. Here, we present energy (caloric) content estimates for two co-located diapausing copepod species; C. finmarchicus C5 and C. hyperboreus C4 collected during latesummer when their energy content is at or near the annual maximum. We then develop several practical energy content calibrations, each designed to estimate energy content using simple measures of Calanus spp. body size or weight. Weightspecific energy content (energy quality, kJ g 21 ) did not differ between C. finmarchicus and C. hyperboreus; i.e. body size explained the majority of inter-species variation in individual energy content (J ind. 21 ). Energy content estimated directly using calorimetry did not differ from energy inferred from oil sac volume (OSV), demonstrating that energy content can be inferred when direct energy estimates are unavailable. We also assess the effect of formalin preservation on energy content to determine the utility of using archived samples when addressing energy-related questions. There was no difference between directly measured energy content in frozen-and formalin-preserved specimens. However, formalin preservation appears to alter oil sac shape in C. hyperboreus, thereby altering energy content estimates inferred from OSV for the species. Formalin-preserved samples can be used for direct energy content estimation if individuals with intact oil sacs are selected.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.005 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".