Possible implications of VHE gamma-radiation from the X-ray binary Centaurus X-3
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We discuss theoretical models that could explain the existing data from -ray observations of Cen X-3. Be- cause of the high energetics required, any reasonable option for -ray production in Cen X-3 must be connected with jets emerging from the inner accretion disc of the neutron star. A large-scale quasi-stationary source (on a time scale of days or longer) powered by shocks driven by such jets into the Rs 10 13 cm surrounding the binary could explain the bulk of the -radiation features, except for a modulation of the -ray signal with the pulsar spin period. These modu- lations, if genuine, would require an alternative source with Rs 10 11 cm. We consider two principal models, hadronic and leptonic, for such a compact source in the jet. Both mod- els predict that the pulsed -ray emission should be episodic, and can be expected only at the initial stages (typically less than a few hours) of powerful -ray flares, and that -ray pulsations should be significantly shifted from the pulsar fre- quency. Such a source would generally fade, due to expan- sion, in a few days.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".