Analysis of Filovirus Entry into Vero E6 Cells, Using Inhibitors of Endocytosis, Endosomal Acidification, Structural Integrity, and Cathepsin (B and L) Activity
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Ebola and Marburg viruses are believed to enter host cells by receptor-mediated endocytosis. The process has been studied through the use of inhibitors that affect host cell properties and recombinant pseudotyping systems in which filovirus structural glycoproteins mediate entry of foreign virus particles. The aim of the present study was to determine the effects of such treatments on the entry of wild-type filoviruses. Vero E6 cells were exposed to various inhibitors before, during, and after infection with filoviruses. Infected cultures were harvested early (18-24 h) and late (72 h) after infection, and effects of treatment on entry were measured by fluorescent antibody staining of cells or by antigen capture immunoassays, respectively. These prelimary results suggest that filoviruses enter host cells through receptor-mediated endocytosis via clathrin-coated pits and caveolae, that actin filaments and microtubules are important in the entry process, and that proteolytic digestion of glycoprotein 1 by endosomal proteases facilitates entry. These observations obtained using wild-type viruses confirm the results of studies utilizing recombinant systems and offer additional insights into filovirus entry.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".