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Record W2145378346 · doi:10.2307/27694815

White Man's Club: Schools, Race and the Struggle of Indian Acculturation

2009· article· en· W2145378346 on OpenAlexaffabout
John S. Milloy, Jacqueline Fear‐Segal

Bibliographic record

VenueJournal of American History · 2009
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldSocial Sciences
TopicRace, History, and American Society
Canadian institutionsTrent University
Fundersnot available
KeywordsClubAcculturationWhite (mutation)Race (biology)HistoryMedia studiesReligious studiesSociologyGender studiesAnthropologyEthnic groupMedicinePhilosophy

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

With the publication of Jacqueline Fear-Segal's White Man's Club, the historiography of Indian residential schooling has reached a new level of sophistication. This is not a history of the school system but a deeply analytic treatment of the discourse of race and the “asymmetries of power” reflected in the schools, which together produced “what it meant to be Indian in the United States” (p. xvii). Education was, as Fear-Segal contends, “integral not only to a story of land theft, ethnocide, and cultural erasure but also to a pattern of progressive racialization” (p. xiv). That pattern, the movement from the optimistic universalism of cultural evolution to “scientific” racism, is traced through the familiar characters of the schools' story: Gen. Samuel C. Armstrong, the Riggs family, and, of course, Capt. Richard Henry Pratt of Fort Marion, Florida, and the Carlisle Indian Industrial School. The text makes a second significant contribution in its probing of “the actions and reactions of Indians who struggled to resist as well as claim the power of white schooling.” Her use of James Scott's analytical tools enable the reader “momentarily to hear the whispers of some Indian voices” in the midst of the “booming tones of white authority” (p. xvii). Fear-Segal teases those whispers out of a range of sources: Carlisle's student newspaper and its school cemetery, as well as student biographies. Her hunt for the “hidden transcript” of Indian experience begins with drawings by Fort Marion prisoners, underlining the artists' understanding of the power of their American captors within the geography of the classroom and the person of the teacher; it continues in other sets of drawings—the spatial record of school layouts. She demonstrates that purported reformers, failing to recognize internalized attitudes rooted in the nation's racist fiber, replicated them in school design; students, who rhetorically at least were being made fit for life in an American world, experienced in school the same sort of exclusionary social relations that would characterize their post-school fate.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame machine prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.001
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.003
Version: metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061cValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Qualitative · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: none
Teacher disagreement score0.054
Threshold uncertainty score0.107

Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0010.003
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0010.002
Science and technology studies0.0070.004
Scholarly communication0.0050.003
Open science0.0000.003
Research integrity0.0010.001
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0150.001

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.009
GPT teacher head0.257
Teacher spread0.248 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.

The models applied no category: nothing in the taxonomy fit this work.
Study designQualitative
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

Quick stats

Citations43
Published2009
Admission routes2
Has abstractyes

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