Molecular cytogenetics of the acute promyelocytic leukemia‐derived cell line NB4 and of four all‐trans retinoic acid–resistant subclones
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The retinoic acid (RA)-sensitive NB4 cell line was the first established acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) permanent cell line. It harbors the (15;17) translocation, which fuses the PML and RARA genes. Given the low frequency of APLs, their generally low white blood cell count, and the difficulty to work on APL patient cells, this cell line represents a remarkable tool for biomolecular studies. To investigate possible mechanisms of retinoid resistance, subclones of NB4 resistant to all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) were established. To characterize better the parental NB4 cell line and four ATRA-resistant subclones (NB4-R4, NB4-A1, NB4-B1, and NB4-007/6), we have performed both conventional and 24-color FISH karyotyping. Thus, we could identify all chromosomal abnormalities including marker chromosomes that were unclassified with R banding. Moreover, we have performed dual-color FISH by use of specific PML and RARA probes, to evaluate the number of copies for each gene and fusion gene. Interestingly, the number of copies of PML, RARA, and fusion genes was different for each cell line. Finally, we assessed the presence of the PML, RARA, PML/RARA, and RARA/PML transcripts by RT-PCR and of the PML/RARA and RARA proteins by Western blotting in all the cell lines. These data could focus further research for a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying response or resistance to differentiating and/or apoptotic reagents.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".