On the Study of the Geometric Properties of Historical Cartographic Representations
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The long but partial and still open question of the geometric and projective characteristics and properties of early cartographic representations is revisited in view of the advancements in digital analytical and visual technologies that are now offered in a “part and parcel” operational environment, allowing a level of interactivity almost unthinkable even in the recent past. In this new technology frame, the geometric study of early maps is treated analytically via a typical two-dimensional comparison with relevant modern map counterparts or georeference. By bringing in the early map with a one-to-one correspondence to its modern reference, the comparison retains all those proper transformational steps that result in the visualization of map differences and, thus, the study of the geometric and projective properties of early maps. To illustrate the proposed process, two indicative examples are treated, related to two distinct schematic typologies of early maps: (1) a georeferenced map of the Ptolemy type, and (2) a non-georeferenced early map of the portolan type. A number of results related to these examples open a perspective for new pathways in the fascinating and adventurous field of map history.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.004 | 0.021 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.005 | 0.008 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.020 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.010 | 0.016 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.006 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".