Fluoroquinolone-Induced Acute Interstitial Nephritis: Two Case Reports
Bibliographic record
Abstract
C J H P – Vol. 55, No. 2 – April 2002 J C P H – Vol. 55, n 2 – avril 2002 Acute interstitial nephritis is a disease affecting the renal tubules and interstitium. It is thought to occur secondary to an allergic hypersensitivity reaction. The clinical presentation is variable and nonspecific, and may include fever, maculopapular rash, arthralgia, edema, hypertension, eosinophilia, eosinophiluria, pyuria, hematuria, proteinuria, oliguria, leukocytosis, elevation of serum immunoglobulin E, hyperkalemia, and acidosis. Acute interstitial nephritis can have an infectious, inflammatory, or drug-related cause. Numerous drugs have been implicated in acute interstitial nephritis, some of which include nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, diuretics, anticonvulsants, allopurinol, and antibiotics. Fluoroquinolones are commonly used antibiotics that are thought to be relatively nontoxic. However, the potential exists for these agents to cause substantial morbidity, as illustrated by published reports of fluoroquinoloneinduced acute interstitial nephritis. Ciprofloxacin accounts for the majority of these cases, with just a few reports for norfloxacin. A MEDLINE search for January 1966 to December 2001 yielded only one published report of acute interstitial nephritis secondary to levofloxacin, a newer fluoroquinolone. Two cases of fluoroquinolone-induced acute interstitial nephritis are reported here, one due to norfloxacin and the other to levofloxacin. As the use of this class of anti-infectives increases and as new members of the class are introduced, it is important that pharmacists be aware of the growing evidence of this clinically important adverse effect. CASE REPORTS
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.012 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.007 | 0.006 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.004 | 0.005 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.007 | 0.005 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.006 | 0.005 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.005 | 0.007 |
| Open science | 0.006 | 0.006 |
| Research integrity | 0.016 | 0.009 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.004 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".