Surface keratopathy after penetrating keratoplasty.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
PURPOSE: To determine the type and prevalence of epithelial abnormalities in the intermediate postoperative period after penetrating keratoplasty and to define the donor and recipient variables that influence the status of the graft epithelium. DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. METHODS: We prospectively followed the clinical course of 80 patients after penetrating keratoplasty. We monitored the status of the corneal epithelium for 3 months after surgery using slit-lamp biomicroscopy and fluorescein staining of the epithelium. Donor characteristics, recipient preoperative and postoperative variables, and postoperative medications were recorded. Epithelial abnormalities were analyzed against these variables by using univariate and combined statistical models to determine the impact of each variable on postoperative epithelial pathology. Main outcome measures included punctate keratopathy, macro-epithelial defects, hurricane keratopathy, rim defects, and filamentary keratopathy. RESULTS: Sixty-three percent of all patient visits demonstrated punctate epithelial keratopathy (PEK). Hurricane keratopathy (51%) and filamentary keratopathy (14%) constituted the next most commonly observed abnormalities. Older recipient age and the use of topical antibiotics were associated with a higher prevalence of punctate epithelial keratopathy. The odds ratio (OR) for a 1-year increase in age is 1.0276 (95% CI, 1.1013-1.0442), and the OR for using topical antibiotics is 6.9028 (95% CI, 3.1506-15.1239). Use of topical ofloxacin and increased time after surgery were associated with lower prevalence of punctate keratopathy; ORs were 0.9806 (95% CI, 0.9736-0.9876) and 0.3662 (95% CI, 0.1688-0.7943), respectively. Decreased corneal sensation and the presence of anterior blepharitis preoperatively were associated with an increase in hurricane keratopathy; ORs were 8.8265 (CI, 2.3837-32.6835) and 3.2815 (CI, 1.7388-6.1931), respectively. Total storage time for the donor material was also associated with an increased prevalence of hurricane keratopathy (OR, 1.0316; CI, 1.0052-1.0220). Patients with rim defects and macro-epithelial defects were more likely to have antibiotic and topical lubrication prescribed. No specific variable was found to have a significant association with filamentary keratopathy, except possibly for death-to-preservation time, which had a P value of .0587. CONCLUSIONS: Surface keratopathy is one of the most common complications of keratoplasty. Our study demonstrates that older age, preoperative lid disease, and decreased preoperative corneal sensation appear to increase the probability of clinically significant epithelial surface abnormalities after keratoplasty. Recognition of these risk factors in advance of surgery will alert the surgeon to the need for appropriate management.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".