Intestinal decontamination using povidone-iodine compromises small bowel storage quality
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Povidone-iodine (PI) (Betadine, Purdue Fredrick Co., Norwalk, CT) is used during pancreas transplantation to provide duodenal decontamination without any intestinal complications. METHODS: This study assessed the combined effect of a luminal pretreatment with PI followed by a proven amino acid (AA)-rich preservation solution on small bowel (SB) storage quality. Rat SB was procured using intra-arterial University of Wisconsin solution followed by luminal administration with combinations of AA+/-PI pretreatment as follows: group 1, 20 mL AA solution; group 2, 20 mL PI and 20 mL AA solution; group 3, 100 mL AA solution; and group 4, 20 mL PI and 100 mL AA solution. Cellular energetics, permeability, and histology were analyzed throughout 10-hr cold storage. RESULTS: After 10 hr, adenosine triphosphate levels remained 2.9 to 3.2 micromol/g protein lower in the PI-treated groups than in groups 1 and 3. Functional parameters were also negatively affected by PI treatment. Mannitol permeability was 203 and 66 nmol/cm2 per hr in groups 2 and 4 versus 46 and 44 nmol/cm2 per hr in groups 1 and 3. Median grades of histologic injury (Park's) at 10 hr were 3, 5.5, 4, and 5 for groups 1 through 4, respectively. Luminal flushing with PI or AA solution resulted in an equivalent clearance greater than 95% of enteric bacteria present. CONCLUSIONS: hort-duration luminal PI exposure potentiates SB injury and provides no improved intestinal decontamination.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".