Comprehensive Analysis of Bacterial Risk Factors for the Development of Guillain‐Barré Syndrome after<i>Campylobacter jejuni</i>Enteritis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS), a postinfectious autoimmune-mediated neuropathy, is a serious complication after Campylobacter jejuni enteritis. METHODS: To investigate the bacterial risk factors for developing GBS, genotypes, serotypes, and ganglioside mimics on lipo-oligosaccharide (LOS) were analyzed in C. jejuni strains from Japanese patients. RESULTS: Strains from patients with GBS had LOS biosynthesis locus class A more frequently (72/106; 68%) than did strains from patients with enteritis (17/103; 17%). Class A strains predominantly were serotype HS:19 and had the cstII (Thr51) genotype; the latter is responsible for biosynthesis of GM1-like and GD1a-like LOSs. Both anti-GM1 and anti-GD1a monoclonal antibodies regularly bound to class A LOSs, whereas no or either antibody bound to other LOS locus classes. Mass-spectrometric analysis showed that a class A strain carried GD1a-like LOS as well as GM1-like LOS. Logistic regression analysis showed that serotype HS:19 and the class A locus were predictive of the development of GBS. CONCLUSIONS: The high frequency of the class A locus in GBS-associated strains, which was recently reported in Europe, provides the first GBS-related C. jejuni characteristic that is common to strains from Asia and Europe. The class A locus and serotype HS:19 seem to be linked to cstII polymorphism, resulting in promotion of both GM1-like and GD1a-like structure synthesis on LOS and, consequently, an increase in the risk of producing antiganglioside autoantibodies and developing GBS.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".