Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Immunization with mycobacterial preparation such as Bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) or complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) prevents the onset and recurrence of type 1 diabetes in non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice. In this study, we explored the mechanism underlying the down-regulation of diabetogenic T cells by BCG treatment. We found that the potential of splenocytes from BCG-immunized diabetic NOD mice to adoptively transfer diabetes was significantly impaired. BCG immunization sequentially induced the production of TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma and IL-4 by splenocytes, increased the expression of Fas(high) (Apo-1/CD95), Fas ligand (FasL, CD95L) and TNF receptor (TNFR) on T cells leading to T cell apoptosis. The primary role of IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha in BCG-immunotherapy was demonstrated by (i) reversing the immune regulatory effect of BCG by in vivo treatment with neutralizing anti-cytokine antibodies, (ii) inducing effect similar to BCG by treatment with these cytokines. We show that Fas and TNF are two pathways in BCG-induced apoptosis of diabetogenic T cells, since in vitro blocking FasL or TNFR1 with antibody reduced T cell apoptosis and increased T cell proliferative response. In addition, TNF-alpha and agonistic anti-Fas antibody had a synergistic effect on the in vitro apoptosis of diabetogenic T cells. Our results suggest that BCG down-regulates destructive autoimmunity by TNF-alpha/IFN-gamma-induced apoptosis of diabetogenic T cells through both Fas and TNF pathways. These studies provide a novel mechanism for blocking disease recurrence and immune modulating effect of BCG immunization in type 1 diabetes.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it