High genetic diversity of nitrofurantoin- or mecillinam-resistant Escherichia coli indicates low propensity for clonal spread
Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: The empirical treatment with trimethoprim or ciprofloxacin of urinary tract infections (UTIs) is now questioned, partly due to the global expansion of a few resistant clonal groups of Escherichia coli. METHODS: In this study we investigated the clonal structure of 34 strains of E. coli (collected from non-pregnant women aged 18-65 years with uncomplicated UTIs in Europe and Canada) resistant to either of two other common treatment alternatives for uncomplicated UTIs, mecillinam or nitrofurantoin, using multilocus sequence typing (MLST). RESULT: The 34 isolates were, despite high levels of multiresistance, distributed all over the E. coli genetic diversity spectrum with little association of antibiotic resistance to specific clonal groups. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study indicate a low probability of a future clonal spread of resistance to mecillinam and nitrofurantoin.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".