Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: The literature on appendicitis in Africa is almost all derived from urban teaching hospitals. As most of Africa's people are from rural areas, we sought to review our experience from a rural hospital in Kenya. DESIGN: Retrospective chart review. SETTING: A rural Kenyan church hospital. SUBJECTS: One hundred and twelve cases of acute appendicitis presenting at Kijabe Hospital over a five year period were reviewed. INTERVENTION: Appendicectomy. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Sex, age, pre-hospital delay, operative findings, wound infection, post-operative length of stay. RESULTS: The male to female ratio was 1.8:1. The median age was 29 (4-71 years). Median prehospital delays were one day (normal appendix), one and a half days (simple appendicitis), three days (perforated appendix) and six and a half days (appendical abscess). Operative findings were 14% normal appendix, 42% simple appendicitis, 22% perforated, 21% abscess. Overall wound infection rate was 22%; ranging from 11% for simple appendicitis to 46% for an appendiceal abscess. The mean post-operative length of stay was nine and a half days. CONCLUSIONS: Acute appendicitis in rural Kenya is similar to patterns reported in urban African centres. The main difference from western data is the high complicated appendicitis rate which is most likely related to prolonged pre-hospital delay.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".