Life-history traits in green toad (<i>Bufo viridis</i>) populations: indicators of habitat quality
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Five life-history traits (age and size at maturity, longevity, potential reproductive life span, age-dependent growth rate) were investigated in four Bufo viridis Laurenti, 1768 (= Pseudepidalea viridis (Laurenti, 1768)) populations that inhabited localities at similar altitude (60–100 m above sea level) and latitude (50°N–51°N, Germany), but that differed in habitat quality (i.e., human land use within a radius of 1 km around the breeding site). The age of 374 males and of 127 females collected during the breeding period was estimated using skeletochronology on phalange bones. We tested the hypothesis that sex and habitat quality account for detectable amounts of local variation in life-history traits. Significant sexual size dimorphism was present in all populations. Gender-specific variation in size was mainly accounted for by age, but also to a minor extent by habitat quality. In males, age at maturity varied between 1 and 3 years and was the only life-history trait that was significantly related to the intensity of human land use. In contrast, land-use indices covaried significantly with female longevity (6–15 years) and potential reproductive life span (5–12 years). Our pilot study suggests that, in B. viridis, life-history traits derived from the local age structure may be useful as indicators of habitat quality.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".