The systemic lupus erythematosus tri-nation study: longitudinal changes in physical and mental well-being
Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: We have shown that SLE patients in Canada and the UK incurred 20% and 13% lower health costs than those in the US, respectively, but did not experience worse outcomes as expressed by the Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics/American College of Rheumatology Damage Index. We now compare change in quality of life in these patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Seven hundred and fifteen SLE patients (Canada 231, US 269, UK 215) completed the SF-36 annually over four years. The annual change in the SF-36 Physical and Mental Component Summary (PCS and MCS) scores over the course of the study were summarized by estimating a linear trend for each individual patient using hierarchical modelling. Cross-country comparison of the slopes in the PCS and MCS scores was then performed using simultaneous regressions. RESULTS: The estimated mean annual changes (95% credible interval [CrI]) in the PCS scores in Canada, the US, and the UK were 0.18 (-0.07, 0.43), -0.05 (-0.27, 0.17), and 0.03 (-0.20, 0.27), respectively; the mean annual changes in the MCS scores were 0.15 (-0.04, 0.34), 0.23 (0.09, 0.37), and 0.08 (-0.10, 0.27), respectively. Regression results showed that the mean annual changes in PCS and MCS scores did not substantially differ across countries. CONCLUSION: Quality of life remained stable across countries. Despite Canadian and British patients incurring lower health costs, on average, patients experienced similar changes in physical and mental well-being.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".