Oriented Clastic Dike Swarms as Indicators of Paleoslope? An Example from the Upper Cretaceous Nanaimo Group, Canada
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract An impressive oriented clastic dike swarm (> 165 dikes) occurs within 3.25 m of strata of a submarine-fan turbidite succession of the Upper Cretaceous Nanaimo Group, British Columbia. The dikes are remarkably parallel in orientation, are consistently subvertical, and strike southwest. Slump-fold vergence, paleocurrent indicators, and other evidence indicate that local paleoslope strike was northwest, with a downslope direction to the southwest. Thus the clastic dikes strike downslope, indicating that extension occurred perpendicular to the regional downslope direction, not parallel as generally expected. Two possible models are proposed: (1) Rapid downslope compression caused by sudden loading, perhaps due to slumping events or deposition of thick turbidity current beds. This downslope compression caused minor extension perpendicular to the downslope direction, resulting in small extensional joints that accommodated clastic injection from buried, overpressured sands. (2) Chaotic sedimentary breccias laterally adjacent to the dike swarm formed as part of a large slumping event, which created a local slump channel. Minor slumping into the main channel from the sides caused extension parallel to the channel-margin slope and formation of the clastic dikes parallel to the channel margin but perpendicular to the regional slope. Oriented clastic dike swarms may represent a new type of paleoslope indicator, but they may be created by a number of processes and should therefore be used only in conjunction with supporting evidence.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.017 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".