The pathogenicity of<i>Gaeumannomyces incrustans</i>on turfgrass<i>Zoysia japonica</i>
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The pathogenicity of the ectotrophic root-infecting fungus Gaeumannomyces incrustans on turfgrass Zoysia japonica 'Meyer 51' was examined in greenhouse, growth-chamber, and field assays. Symptoms of root infection (zoysia root rot) were observed in all three studies. In the greenhouse assay, the highest disease severity (percent root surface with lesions (mass necrosis), percent root surface with discoloration, and percent number of leaves with discoloration) was recorded after the longest incubation period (12 weeks). In growth-chamber assays, root-rot severity (percent root surface with lesions and percent root surface with discoloration) was the highest at 18 °C, while little or no injury was observed at 12 and 25 °C. In field assays, patch development was observed in only 3 of 20 inoculated field plots; however, 9 of the 20 plots had ectotrophic mycelium present, and G. incrustans was subsequently recovered from these plots. Gaeumannomyces incrustans is the causal agent of zoysia root rot, as Z. japonica enters and exits seasonal dormancy. Observations of radial expansion are also reported for naturally occurring patches, as well as disease severity ratings for selections of Zoysia spp. from entries in the National Turfgrass Evaluation Program inoculated with G. incrustans.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".