PSO/FDTD Optimization Technique for Designing UWB In-Phase Power Divider for Linear Array Antenna Application
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This letter presents the design of a compact planar in-phase power divider with ultrawideband (UWB) performance. The device consists of three T-shaped microstrip lines arranged in parallel to each other on one side of the dielectric substrate that are electromagnetically coupled with an H-shaped slot etched on its ground plane. Particle swarm optimization (PSO) and the finite-difference time domain (FDTD) are combined to achieve the optimal power divider design for a given specification. The measured results show the transition of the signal between the T-shaped microstrip line and the ground-plane slot divides power equally, with relatively low insertion loss, good return loss, high stability of phase, and high isolation between the two output ports across the UWB frequency band defined between 3.1-10.6 GHz. The power divider is compact in size, occupying an area of 15 × 32 mm2. These features make it suitable for linear array antennas.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".