DETECTION OF MULTIDRUG‐RESISTANT <i>SALMONELLA</i> TYPHIMURIUM DT104 IN POULTRY BY SELECTIVE ENRICHMENT AND CLOTH‐BASED HYBRIDIZATION ARRAY SYSTEM
Bibliographic record
Abstract
ABSTRACT A rapid method was devised for the selective enrichment and detection of multi‐antibiotic‐resistant Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serotype Typhimurium ( S. Typhimurium) DT104 in poultry. The target organism was pre‐enriched in trypticase soy broth supplemented with chloramphenicol, followed by plating on modified semisolid Rappaport Vassiliadis medium and sampling a portion of the swarming growth. The presence of S. Typhimurium DT104 was determined by testing the growth using a cloth‐based hybridization array system (CHAS) targeting antibiotic resistance and other marker genes associated with this organism. In this CHAS, a multiplex polymerase chain reaction incorporating digoxigenin–dUTP was used to simultaneously amplify seven target gene sequences, with subsequent rapid detection of the amplicons by hybridization with an array of probes immobilized on polyester cloth and immunoenzymatic assay of the bound label. This procedure permitted the rapid determination of S. Typhimurium DT104 in chicken carcass rinse, powdered egg and feed samples inoculated with different levels of the target organism. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS The combined selective enrichment and CHAS procedure will enable the rapid screening of poultry and related products for the presence of multidrug resistant Salmonella Typhimurium DT104. The convenience of this approach lies in the fact that samples containing salmonellae requiring more comprehensive analysis can be rapidly identified on the basis of a simple preliminary enrichment procedure involving examination of MSRV plating media for characteristic swarming growth. The swarming growth is readily sampled and analyzed by the DT104 CHAS to determine the presence of key marker genes associated with the multidrug resistant pathogen, obviating the need for time‐ and labor‐consuming conventional purification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing procedures.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.005 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".