Specific early vulnerability of high-order executive function to focal brain lesions and long-term impact on educational persistence: Sparing of incidental episodic memory
Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: We investigated mental functions expected to remain impaired or not ain adulthood following childhood-onset brain lesions. METHODS: Thirty unilaterally lesioned young adults were tested a decade after lesion onset with an effort-demanding complex executive function (EF) task as well as a task of incidental declarative retrospective episodic recognition memory (IRM). Thirty neurotypical participants were also tested. RESULTS: The EF task was significantly impaired in the lesion group and significantly more so than the IRM task. Regarding the lesioned cases, performance on EF, but not IRM, was significantly positively correlated with long-term educational persistence (EP). Both EF and EP but not IRM were significantly positively correlated with the age of onset of the lesion. Severity of neurological impairment was unrelated to any variable. CONCLUSION: Mental abilities acquired through early schooling remain impaired into adulthood when early schooling is disturbed, not everyday memory which does not depend on schooling.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.005 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".