Polyurea microcapsules: Surface modification and capsule size control
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract A postmodification method for polyurea microcapsule (PUMC) surfaces using functional polyelectrolytes is reported in this article. Fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) was used to probe the chemistry on PUMC surface and label nucleophilic groups on the surface, in particular amines. As well, a fluorescently labeled polyanion containing electrophilic acetoacetate groups was used to covalently react with these nucleophilic groups on the PUMC surfaces. This modification causes charge reversion of the originally cationic PUMC and enables subsequent layer‐by‐layer (LbL) coating using other polyelectrolytes, allowing for covalent or noncovalent modification of the capsule surface. All modification steps were monitored using either laser scanning confocal microscopy or fluorescence microscopy. Optical and fluorescence microscopy of PUMC wall cross‐sections embedded in resin confirmed that the modifications were restricted to the outer surface of PUMCs, offering minimum interference of this modification method with other capsule wall properties. In addition, a simple T‐junction type microfluidic device based on a commercially available MicroTEE was designed to produce narrowdisperse PUMCs. This device was easy to set up and operate and was proved to be an useful tool for making monodisperse emulsions and narrowdisperse MCs. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2011
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".