Evaluating Institutionalization by Comparing the Use of Health Services before and after Admission to a Long-Term-Care Facility
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Despite concern over increased health services utilization with population aging, few studies describe health services utilization by long-term-care (LTC) residents. An investigation was designed to compare health services use before and after LTC admission. Comprehensive 1988 to 1999 data for all LTC residents (N = 47,510) in Alberta, Canada, were obtained. Utilization comparisons involved equal pre/post timeframes. Only non-hospital physician services increased post-LTC admission. Home care was not provided after admission (51% had been recipients). Hospital and ambulatory services use declined, with these patterns stable for 5 years pre- and post-LTC admission. When hospital or ambulatory care was sought by LTC residents, they were not disadvantaged in the type or scope of care as compared to the care received prior to LTC admission. These findings should raise interest in the services provided by LTC facilities and the outcomes of long-term, facility-based care. LTC services could be beneficial for people with advanced age and dependency.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.004 | 0.008 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.005 | 0.008 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".