The Role of Substrate Elastic Modulus in the Strain-Dependent Behavior of Electromagnetic Metamaterials: Analytic Description, Multiphysics Modeling, and Test Results
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Metamaterial strain-dependent electromagnetic (EM) behavior is strongly influenced by its constituent materials. Metamaterials, like all composites, may exhibit complicated strain profiles when subjected to mechanical loading. At the unit cell level, the degree of non-uniformity in the strain profile is a function of loading, unit cell geometry, and the relative stiffness contributions of the composite’s constituent materials (in this case, copper conductive traces and a polymer dielectric substrate). Analytic expressions and multi-physics modeling are utilized to describe the relationship between substrate modulus, strain, and EM behavior. Testing was conducted to corroborate and validate the multi-physics models. An interesting result of this research is that depending upon the Elastic Modulus of the substrate, a consistent strain profile applied at the unit cell level can result in either a positive or negative shift in the metamaterial’s resonant frequency.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".