Miscible displacement flows in near-horizontal ducts at low Atwood number
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract We study buoyant displacement flows with two miscible fluids of equal viscosity in the regime of low Atwood number and in ducts that are inclined close to horizontal. Using a combination of experimental, computational and analytical methods, we characterize the transitions in the flow regimes between inertial- and viscous-dominated regimes, and as the displacement flow rate is gradually increased. Three dimensionless groups largely describe these flows: densimetric Froude number $\mathit{Fr}$ , Reynolds number $\mathit{Re}$ and duct inclination $\ensuremath{\beta} $ . Our results show that the flow regimes collapse into regions in a two-dimensional $(\mathit{Fr}, \mathit{Re}\cos \ensuremath{\beta} / \mathit{Fr})$ plane. These regions are qualitatively similar between pipes and plane channels, although viscous effects are more extensive in pipes. In each regime, we are able to give a leading-order estimate for the velocity of the leading displacement front, which is effectively a measure of displacement efficiency.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it