Influence of Trivalent-Dopants on the Structural and Electrochemical Properties of Uranium Dioxide (UO<sub>2</sub>)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The influence of trivalent dopants (rare-earths, RE) on the structure, composition and electrochemical reactivity of UO 2 has been investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM/XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Raman spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry (CV). This was achieved by comparing the behavior of undoped UO 2.002 , a slightly doped 1.5 at% SIMFUEL, and two rare-earth doped UO 2 (6 wt% Gd-UO 2 and 12.9 wt% Dy-UO 2 ) specimens. The reactivity decreased in the order UO 2.002 > SIMFUEL > Dy-UO 2 > Gd-UO 2 , showing that this decrease is a consequence of RE III doping. Raman spectroscopy showed this could be attributed to the formation of RE III – oxygen vacancy clusters whose formation decreases the availability of the vacancies required to accommodate the injection of oxygen interstitials during anodic oxidation. The behavior of SIMFUEL is complicated by the simultaneous formation of RE III - oxygen vacancy clusters and Zr-O 8 clusters.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".