Simulation of Sound Radiated from Turbulent Heated Jets Using the Lattice-Boltzmann Method
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the near and far-field characteristics of an axisymetric subsonic heated jet using the Lattice Boltzmann Method (LBM). The LBM-LES method with no subgrid model was used. The results were compared to experimental data and other LES results obtained using a Navier-Stokes LES code. Heat transfer was modeled using a supplemental energy transport equation and solved using a second-order Lax Wendroff finite difference scheme. Both mean flow and turbulence data were in good agreement with experiment. The far-field noise was computed using the porous Ffwocs William-Hawkings (FWH) surface integral acoustic method. Qualitative comparison were made between acoustic results and available experimental data. The results support the viability of the LBM for heated jet applications at low Mach numbers. Nomenclature aJ = speed of sound in jet a∞ = ambient speed of sound ci = particle velocity f = particle distribution function fi = force coefficient in the i- direction fi eq = equilibrium distribution function
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".