Protein and glucose metabolic responses to hyperinsulinemia, hyperglycemia, and hyperaminoacidemia in obese men
Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: In insulin-resistant states, resistance of protein anabolism occurs concurrently with that of glucose, but can be compensated for by abundant amino acid (AA) provision. This effect and its mechanism were sought in obesity. METHODS: Pancreatic clamps were performed in 8 lean and 11 obese men, following 5-h postabsorptive, 3-h infusions of octreotide, basal glucagon, and growth hormone, with clamped postprandial-level insulin, glucose, and AA. Whole-body [1-(13) C]-leucine and [3-(3) H]-glucose kinetics, skeletal muscle protein ((2) H5 -phenylalanine) fractional synthesis rates, and insulin signaling were determined. RESULTS: Clamp Δ insulin and Δ branched-chain AA did not differ; fasting glucagon and growth hormone were maintained. Glucose uptake was 20% less in obese concurrent with less Akt(Ser473) , but also less IRS-1(Ser636/639) phosphorylation. Stimulation of whole-body, myofibrillar, and sarcoplasmic protein synthesis was similar. Whole-body protein catabolism suppression tended to be less (P=0.06), resulting in lesser net balance (1.09 ± 0.07 vs. 1.31 ± 0.08 μmol [kg FFM(-1) ] min(-1) , P=0.048). Increments in muscle S6K1(Thr389) phosphorylation were less in the obese, but 4E-BP1(Ser65) did not differ. CONCLUSIONS: Hyperaminoacidemia with hyperinsulinemia stimulated protein synthesis (possibly via nutrient signaling) normally in obesity, but suppression of proteolysis may be compromised. Whether long-term high protein intakes could compensate for the insulin resistance of protein anabolism remains to be determined.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".