Aerosol delivery of chemotherapy in an orthotopic model of lung cancer
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect on tumour growth of gemcitabine delivered by aerosol in an orthotopic model of lung carcinoma. Large cell carcinoma (NCI-H460) cells were implanted intrabronchially in 24 male BALB/c nude mice on day (d) 0. Aerosols were delivered once a week from d1 to d29 using an endotracheal sprayer. Altogether, 16 animals received gemcitabine at 8 (n=8) and 12 mg.kg-1 (n=8), and eight received a vehicle aerosol. Animals were sacrificed on d36 for histological examination. All animals in the vehicle group developed a large infiltrating carcinoma. Comparatively, four of 13 (31%) animals treated with gemcitabine had no visible tumour and nine of 13 (69%) had a smaller carcinoma with a mean+/-sem largest tumour diameter of 2.05+/-0.7 versus 5+/-0.3 mm in the vehicle group. Gemcitabine was well tolerated at 8 mg.kg-1. At 12 mg.kg-1, three cases of fatal pulmonary oedema were observed, prompting a dose reduction to 8 mg.kg-1 in the remaining animals. A dose effect was observed, with more marked tumour growth inhibition in the animals treated at 12 mg.kg-1 on d1 and d8. In conclusion, in this study, an animal model of aerosolised chemotherapy in lung cancer was developed and demonstrated inhibition of orthotopic tumour growth by aerosol delivery of gemcitabine.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".