Varying Effects of Common Reed Invasion on Early Life History of Northern Pike
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract The invasion of North American wetlands by the Eurasian subspecies of common reed Phragmites australis australis is well documented, but very few studies have been conducted on its effects on freshwater fish communities. Northern Pike Esox lucius is one of several fish species using wetlands for reproduction and early development that could be affected by the spread of common reed. The effects of vegetation type (common reed stands, other reference plant assemblages) were evaluated on four aspects (egg deposition, abundance, growth, and feeding) of the early life history of Northern Pike in two St. Lawrence River wetlands in Quebec. During high water levels in 2009, the relative abundance of Northern Pike eggs was three times higher in the reference plant assemblages than in the common reed stands at the two study sites. In 2010, when water levels were extremely low and few other plant assemblages were accessible by fish, the relative abundance of eggs was two times higher in the common reed stands than in other plant assemblages within the only site available for sampling. In 2009, the relative abundance, length, and weight of age‐0 Northern Pike did not differ significantly between common reed stands and reference assemblages. Growth rate, condition, prey type, and relationship between digestive tract dry weight and total fish dry weight suggested slightly more favorable conditions in common reed stands in some cases or in reference assemblages in other cases (no consistent pattern between the vegetation types). Although common reed is still in the early invasion process in St. Lawrence River freshwater marshes, it does not seem to have any negative effects on Northern Pike early life history. However, little is known about the magnitude of common reed biomass accumulation, making it impossible to predict whether these stands, which are part of an ongoing invasion, will provide long‐term quality habitat. Received March 3, 2014; accepted October 10, 2014
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".