The neurobiology of depression—revisiting the serotonin hypothesis. II. Genetic, epigenetic and clinical studies <sup/>
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The serotonin system originates from a small number of neurons (a few hundred thousand of the 100 billion in man) located in the midbrain raphe nuclei, that project widely throughout the central nervous system to influence a large array of inter-related biological functions, not least of which are circuits involved in mood and emotion. The serotonin hypothesis of depression has postulated that a reduction in serotonin leads to increased predisposition to depression. Indeed, it has become evident from therapeutic strategies that affect serotonin activity, that alterations in serotonin may not only predispose to depression, but also to aggressive behaviour, impulsivity, obsessive-compulsive behaviour and suicide. Many potential mechanisms known to alter the genes that regulate the serotonin system, including developmental epigenetic modifications, are presented, as additional evidence implicating the serotonin system. This second issue of two special issues of Philosophical Transactions B presents a series of reviews, perspectives and new findings that argue that the serotonin hypothesis remains an important idea that continues to guide research into the aetiology and treatment of depression.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.004 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".